Not when the right material is used. The films we use are polyurethane-based and engineered for marine exposure - permanent salt contact, thermal cycling between climates and the ultraviolet load that reflects off the water surface. Films designed for automotive use are made from PVC, which contracts as it ages, lifts at the edges and fails within two to three seasons in a marine environment.
This difference in material is the single most common reason a yacht wrap fails, and it is why we do not use PVC on exterior surfaces.

On our work, NO - and there is a technical reason for that. PVC film has to be overlapped at every join, because the material contracts over time and a butt-joined seam would open. That overlap creates a ridge you can see in raking light and feel with your hand.
Our polyurethane film does not contract, which allows our technicians to butt sections precisely edge to edge and thermally weld the join. The result is a molecular bond rather than an overlap. Ask any wrapper how they join their sections - the answer tells you what finish you will get.

No. The adhesive is pressure-activated and releases cleanly on removal without pulling paint or leaving residue.
In practice the film does the opposite of damage: it shields the original surface from UV, salt corrosion and abrasion for the whole time it is on the yacht. When it comes off, the paint underneath is in the condition it was in the day the film went on.
For owners planning a sale, this matters - original factory paint carries a premium on the brokerage market that repainted hulls do not.

Between three and eight years, and the range is wide because the variables are real. UV intensity and latitude matter - a yacht in the tropics ages film faster than one in northern Europe.
Maintenance matters more: regular washing and an annual UV treatment extend service life significantly. Usage intensity matters too, as a charter yacht with high turnover wears faster than a private vessel. With correct care in Mediterranean conditions, most yachts we work on comfortably reach six to seven years from a single application.

Far less than you would expect, and often none at all. There is no spray booth, no scaffolding, no curing time and no hazardous waste - which removes most of what makes repainting slow. On the Mangusta 108 JFF we completed a full exterior transformation in fourteen working days; an equivalent repaint would have taken around four months.
For yachts above 45 metres we work in the water, from floating platforms, which eliminates haul-out and drydock entirely. Interior work can often be planned around the yacht's operational schedule.